Standardization refers to the entire activity process with the formulation and implementation of standards as the main content. The research field of standardization is very broad. As far as the standardization of industrial products is concerned, it refers to the formulation and implementation of standards for product varieties, specifications, quality, inspection or safety and hygiene requirements.

Product standardization itself includes three meanings:

Serialization of product varieties and specifications – the main parameters, types, sizes, and basic structures of the same type of products are divided into files in turn to make serialized products, so as to meet the extensive needs of users with fewer varieties and specifications;

Universalization of parts – the same type or different types of parts with similar structure of use (such as bolts, bearing housings, couplings and reducers, etc.) are unified to achieve universal interchange;

Standardization of product quality – product quality is the “lifeline” of all enterprises. To ensure qualified and stable product quality, it is necessary to do a good job in the standardization of design, processing technology, assembly inspection, and even packaging, storage and transportation. Only in this way can we remain invincible in the fierce market competition. Standardization of products is of great significance: In terms of manufacturing, specialized Universiade production can be implemented, which can not only improve product quality but also reduce costs; in terms of design, it can reduce the workload of design; in terms of management and maintenance, it can reduce inventory and facilitate Replace damaged parts. Mechanical Parts – Working Capability Mechanical Parts Various mechanical and engineering structures are made up of several components.

These components must bear the force when they work. In order to ensure that the components can work normally under the specified working conditions and service life, the following requirements must be met:

Having sufficient strength to ensure that the component will not be damaged under the action of external force is the prerequisite for the component to work normally, so the strength of the component refers to the ability of the component to resist damage under the action of external force.

Sufficient stiffness The deformation of the component under the action of external force should be within the allowable limit. The ability of a component to resist deformation under the action of an external force is the stiffness of the component.

Sufficient stability Some slender rods (or thin-walled members) will lose their original equilibrium shape and lose their working ability when the axial pressure reaches a certain value. This phenomenon is called instability. The so-called stability refers to the ability of the component to maintain the original shape balance. The strength, stiffness and stability of the components are related to the mechanical properties of the materials used, and the mechanical properties of the materials must be determined by experiments.

In addition, there are some practical engineering problems that cannot be solved by theoretical analysis and must rely on experimental means. In actual engineering structures, many load-bearing components, such as bridges, automobile transmission shafts, beams and columns of houses, etc., have their lengthwise dimensions much larger than their cross-sectional dimensions. In the study of material mechanics, such components are usually called As a rod, the line connecting the centroids of all cross-sections of the rod is called the axis of the rod. If the axis is a straight line, it is called a straight rod; if the axis is a curve, it is called a curved rod. Rods that have the same shape and dimensions in all cross-sections are called constant-section rods; those that differ are called variable-section rods. Mechanics of materials mainly studies straight rods of equal cross-section.